A boundary is an invisible line that marks the extent of a state's territory. Boundaries are divided into two large subgroups, physical boundaries and cultural boundaries. Physical boundaries coincide with with significant features of the natural landscape, while cultural boundaries follow the distribution of cultural characteristics. Water boundaries are a type of physical boundary and are usually in the middle of the water. They can offer good protection against attacks from another state. Some problems that can occur are that the precise position of the water may change over time. This can cause tension between states concerning what water belongs to whom. Ocean boundaries can also cause problems because states generally claim the boundary lines are out at sea not on the coastlines. This is good for defense of a state. An example of a water boundary is the Rio Grande which separated the United States and Mexico. Mountain boundaries are another example of a physical boundary. Mountains can be effective because they are difficult to cross but they may also hinder communication and contact may be limited or completely impossible if passes between mountains are closed. Mountain boundaries can also be good because they are relatively permanent and they are sparsely inhabited by people which can reduce the possibility of conflict. A geometric boundary uses the grid system of lines of latitude and longitude. Geometric boundaries can hinder communication between countries especially if borders are closed and very little movement is allowed between them. An example of a geometric boundary is the 38th parallel which divides North Korea and South Korea. This is also an example of a geometric boundary in which borders are closed and very little movement is allowed. The 38th is also highly patrolled by military forces on both sides. This is an example of a fortified boundary. Other examples of fortified boundaries are the US and Mexico border and the Palestine and Israel border.
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